The Difference Between Compression and Limiting

Introduction

Compression and limiting are two frequently used audio processing techniques that audio engineers use in music production, mixing, and mastering. While they might seem similar, they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. In this blog post, we will explore the differences between compression and limiting and when to use each.

Compression

Compression is an audio processing technique that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal. In simpler terms, it reduces the difference between the loudest and softest parts of the audio signal. This is done by lowering the level of the loud parts while leaving the quiet parts unchanged. Compression is used to make audio sound more consistent, making it easier to hear every part of the signal without having to adjust the volume constantly.

Compression is also used for creative purposes, such as adding sustain to a guitar or bass sound or making a vocal sound more present in the mix. Compression works by setting a threshold level, which is the point at which the compressor will start reducing the level of the audio signal. The ratio controls how much the signal is reduced, and the attack and release controls determine how quickly the compression starts and stops.

Limiting

Limiting is similar to compression, but it is a more extreme form of dynamic range reduction. It is used to prevent audio from exceeding a certain level, such as the maximum level allowed on a CD or streaming platform. A limiter works by setting a threshold level, and any audio that exceeds that level is reduced in volume by a fixed amount.

Limiting is often used as a safety net to prevent clipping, which occurs when the audio signal exceeds the maximum level and results in distortion. While compression can be used for creative purposes, limiting is usually used for technical reasons, such as ensuring that the audio meets the required technical standards.

The Differences Between Compression and Limiting

The main difference between compression and limiting is the amount of dynamic range reduction. Compression reduces the dynamic range to make the audio more consistent, while limiting is used to prevent the audio from exceeding a certain level. Compression is often used for creative purposes, while limiting is usually used for technical reasons.

Another difference between the two is the ratio. Compression typically uses a lower ratio than limiting, which can use ratios as high as 10:1 or greater. The attack and release times are also different, with compression allowing for longer and more gradual changes to the audio signal, while limiting is designed to act quickly and prevent any audio from exceeding the threshold level.

Conclusion

Compression and limiting are two essential audio processing techniques that audio engineers use in music production, mixing, and mastering. While they might seem similar, they serve different purposes, and it is essential to understand the differences between them. Compression is used to make audio more consistent and is often used for creative purposes, while limiting is used to prevent audio from exceeding a certain level and is usually used for technical reasons. Understanding the differences between compression and limiting can help you make better decisions when processing audio.

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